Highly Sensitive\nDual-Mode Touch Sensing Device Using\nPoly(vinylidene fluoride)/Graphene Nitride for Wearable E‑Skin:\nPatterning, High-Temperature Annealing, and Remote Data Transmission

In recent years, significant advancements in printed\nelectronics\nand flexible materials have catalyzed the development of electronic\nskins for wearable applications. However, the low glass transition\ntemperature of flexible substrates poses a challenge as it is incompatible\nwith the high-temperature annealing required for electrode fabrication,\nthereby limiting the performance of flexible electronic devices. In\nthis study, we address these limitations by proposing a novel flexible\ndevice manufacturing process that combines adhesive printing patterning\nwith a transfer printing technology. By employing poly(vinylidene\nfluoride) (PVDF)/graphene nitride (GCN) as the transfer substrate\nand dielectric layer, we successfully fabricated a high-performance\ndual-mode touch sensor on a large scale. The successful development\nof this dual-mode sensor can be attributed to two key factors: the\nconstruction of a robust hydrogen-bonding network between the PVDF/GCN\ndielectric layer and the carbon electrode and the ability of GCN to\nrestrict the movement of PVDF molecular chains within the dielectric\nlayer. This restriction reduces the overall polarization of the film,\nenabling the formation of a complete device structure with a highly\nsensitive edge electric field. The noncontact sensors developed in\nthis study are fully printable into sensor arrays and can be seamlessly\nintegrated with internet of things technology for wearable applications.\nThese sensors exhibit exceptional tactile response and facilitate\neffective human–machine interactions over extended distances,\nunderscoring their significant potential in fields such as healthcare\nand artificial intelligence.