Performance enhancement of Titanium–Zirconium–Hafnium–Niobium–Tantalum high-entropy alloys with copper content

High-entropy alloys show outstanding mechanical, thermal, and magnetic properties, primarily due to its unique atomic structure, high mixing entropy, and slow diffusion characteristics. This research analyses the variations in copper content (0–20 %) concerning the phase constitution, mechanical properties, thermal stability, and magnetism of Titanium–Zirconium–Hafnium–Niobium–Tantalum (Ti–Zr-Hf-Nb-Ta) high-entropy alloys. The alloying procedure is realized by the powder metallurgy technique, comprising powder blending, compaction, and sintering under controlled conditions. The phase analyses revealed the influence of copper to promote microstructural evolution with the setting up of copper enrichment and multiple microscopic secondary phases that altered the mechanical and magnetic property response of the alloy. Analysis revealed that with increasing copper content, both hardness and yield strength decrease, indicating a softening effect with higher copper addition, and there is also a compromise between strength and ductility. From thermal stability research, it is concluded that copper enhances the phase stability and increases degradation temperatures. Copper modified saturation magnetization and curie temperature with appreciable segregation mechanisms to modify its ferromagnetic response. Besides, phase transformations, mechanical behaviours, and thermal responses are also simulated by MATLAB to extrapolate computational validations for alloy behaviour. The research implies that copper-modified Ti–Zr-Hf-Nb-Ta high-entropy alloys are considered an advanced structural and functional application by tuning parameters for mechanical strength, thermal stability, and magnetic behaviour for widespread acceptance in engineering applications. • Investigates Cu (0–20 %) effects on Ti–Zr-Hf-Nb-Ta high-entropy alloys. • Cu enhances hardness, yield strength, and phase stability. • Microstructural evolution forms Cu-rich regions and secondary phases. • Thermal researches show improved degradation resistance with Cu addition. • MATLAB simulations validate phase, mechanical, and thermal behavior.