Lossy Mode Resonance\nOptical Fiber Enhanced by Electrochemical-Molecularly\nImprinted Polymers for Glucose Detection

Noninvasive glucose sensors are emergent intelligent\nsensors for\nanalyzing glucose concentration in body fluids within invasion-free\nconditions. Conventional glucose sensors are often limited by a number\nof issues such as invasive and real-time detection, creating challenges\nin continuously characterizing biomarkers or subtle binding dynamics.\nIn this study, we introduce an efficient lossy mode resonance (LMR)\noptical fiber sensor incorporating the molecularly imprinted polymers\n(MIPs) to amplify glucose molecules. A molecularly imprinted recognition\nplatform is created on an LMR sensor surface through a convenient\none-step electrochemical (EC) polymerization method, in which 3-Aminophenylboric\nacid and glucose serve as the functional monomer and template molecule,\nrespectively. LMR resonance wavelength shift induced by the coupling\nof the optical lossy mode and the fiber core mode is employed as the\nparameter to characterize biomolecules. Due to its high sensitivity\nto surrounding environment changes, a limit of detection (LOD) of\n4.62 × 10<sup>–2</sup> μmol/L for glucose can be\nachieved by this optical fiber sensor. Additionally, the prepared\nEC-MIPs LMR sensor is capable of detecting glucose molecules in human\nsaliva samples with high accuracy, endowing its potential for practical\napplications.