A systematic review on phytochemistry and biological activities of Ixora parviflora Vahl. (Rubiaceae family)

“Torch tree”, or Ixora parviflora Vahl.,” commonly known as the “torch tree,” is a member of the Rubiaceae family. This small, densely branching evergreen tree or shrub is found throughout much of India, extending from the Gangetic plain in the east to Assam and southward to Kerala and the Nicobar Islands. The plant is known for its numerous therapeutic properties and has a long history of use in treating a wide range of ailments, including skin conditions, kidney disorders, whooping cough, anemia, general debility, and urinary tract infections. Various phytoconstituents have been identified in I. parviflora, primarily flavonoids such as β-sitosterol, quercetin, and kaempferol, as well as fragrant and acrid oils, alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, terpenoids, and carbohydrates. The goal of this review is to summarize the existing literature on I. parviflora, focusing on its traditional uses, chemical constituents, and pharmacological activities.