Recent Advances\nand Prospects in β‑type\nTitanium Alloys for Dental Implants Applications

Titanium and its\nalloys, especially Ti-6Al-4V, are widely\nstudied\nin implantology for their favorable characteristics. However, challenges\nremain, such as the high modulus of elasticity and concerns about\ncytotoxicity. To resolve these issues, research focuses on β-type\ntitanium alloys that incorporate elements such as Mo, Nb, Sn, and\nTa to improve corrosion resistance and obtain a lower modulus of elasticity\ncompatible with bone. This review comprehensively examines current\nβ titanium alloys, evaluating their mechanical properties, in\nparticular the modulus of elasticity, and corrosion resistance. To\nthis end, a systematic literature search was carried out, where 81\narticles were found to evaluate these outcomes. In addition, this\nreview also covers the formation of the alloy, processing methods\nsuch as arc melting, and its physical, mechanical, electrochemical,\ntribological, and biological characteristics. Because β-Ti alloys\nhave a modulus of elasticity closer to that of human bone compared\nto other metal alloys, they help reduce stress shielding. This is\nimportant because the alloy allows for a more even distribution of\nforces by having a modulus of elasticity more similar to that of bone.\nIn addition, these alloys show good corrosion resistance due to the\nformation of a noble titanium oxide layer, facilitated by the incorporation\nof β stabilizers. These alloys also show significant improvements\nin mechanical strength and hardness. Finally, they also have lower\ncytotoxicity and bacterial adhesion, depending on the β stabilizer\nused. However, there are persistent challenges that require detailed\nresearch in critical areas, such as optimizing the composition of\nthe alloy to achieve optimal properties in different clinical applications.\nIn addition, it is crucial to study the long-term effects of implants\non the human body and to advance the development of cutting-edge manufacturing\ntechniques to guarantee the quality and biocompatibility of implants.