Ionic Liquids-Induced Recovery of the G‑Quadruplex\nDNA Destabilized by Dodine Fungicide

Dodine is an important surfactant-based\nchemical fungicide used\nwidely to kill fungi associated with black spot and foliar diseases\non several fruit plants, such as apples, pears, peaches, and strawberries.\nHowever, the extensive use of dodine depicts the genotoxic effect,\nwhich may cause gene-associated diseases. Dodine can destabilize G-quadruplex\n(G4) DNA, which is one of the key targets for cancer therapy. Hence,\nfinding an eco-friendly medium that can reduce or reverse the destabilization\neffect of dodine on G4 is important. This study investigates the efficacy\nof ionic liquids (ILs) containing a 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl guanidinium\n(TMG) cation with various anions (chloride, acetate, trifluoroacetate,\noctanoate, and perfluorooctanoate) in restoring the structure and\nstability of G4 induced by dodine. Our findings demonstrate that all\nILs effectively reverse dodine-induced destabilization of G4, with\nthe required concentration varying based on the lipophilicity of IL’s\nanions. Specifically, higher concentrations of TMG-chloride and TMG-acetate\nare needed compared to TMG-perfluorooctanoate for the same effect.\nThe IL anions remove dodine from G4 binding sites, while the TMG cation’s\ninteraction with G4 mitigates the destabilizing effect of dodine.\nThis study indicates that ILs can be an eco-friendly medium for the\nstorage of dodine to reverse the effect of dodine on G4.