Ultrafast Synthesis of Transition Metal Phosphides\nin Air via Pulsed Laser Shock

Transition\nmetal phosphide nanoparticles (TMP NPs) represent a\npromising class of nanomaterials in the field of energy; however,\na universal, time-saving, energy-efficient, and scalable synthesis\nmethod is currently lacking. Here, a facile synthesis approach is\nfirst introduced using a pulsed laser shock (PLS) process mediated\nby metal–organic frameworks, free of any inert gas protection,\nenabling the synthesis of diverse TMP NPs. Additionally, through thermodynamic\ncalculations and experimental validation, the phase selection and\ncompetition behavior between phosphorus and oxygen have been elucidated,\ndictated by the redox potential and electronegativity. The resulting\ncomposites exhibit a balanced performance and extended durability.\nWhen employed as electrocatalysts for overall water splitting, the\nas-constructed electrolyzer achieves a low cell voltage of 1.54 V\nat a current density of 10 mA cm<sup>–2</sup>. This laser method\nfor phosphide synthesis provides clear guidelines and holds potential\nfor the preparation of nanomaterials applicable in catalysis, energy\nstorage, biosensors, and other fields.