Mask Wearers at\nRisk of Inhaling Respirable Hazards\nfrom Leave-On Facial Cosmetics

Previous research has widely overlooked the respiratory\nrisks associated\nwith cosmetic powder, a type of mixed particulate matter with intricate\nchemical compositions, especially in the context of wearing masks.\nThis study investigated the inhalation risks posed by five face powders,\nfocusing on both particulate matter (minerals and primary microplastics)\nand soluble components (preservatives and organic UV filters). Wearing\nmasks significantly increased the inhalation risk of face powders,\nwith exposure levels influenced by factors such as particle size,\ndensity, and composition. Additionally, different samples demonstrated\nirregular behavioral patterns when exposed to various human tissue\nenvironments. Soluble components analysis revealed that multiple additives\ndissolved in six body fluids, with a higher degree of release observed\nin the respiratory tract fluid compared to the digestive tract fluid.\nThe alveoli may serve as a specific target for exposure to organic\nUV filters due to the solubilization effect of pulmonary surfactants.\nThese findings revealed the importance of considering both particulate\nmatter and soluble components when assessing respiratory and digestive\nexposure risks from cosmetic powders. Furthermore, understanding the\ninteractions between cosmetic particles and body fluids, as well as\npotential synergistic toxic effects, is crucial for ensuring the safety\nof cosmetic products and safeguarding public health.