Forecasting Influential Factors in Preventing Tax Evasion Through a Lemur Optimization Approach Utilizing a Perceptron Neural Network

Taxes serve as a vital source of funding for governments and significantly influence economic growth and income distribution, which varies based on a country's level of development and economic framework. Recently, researchers have introduced methods to identify effective factors in preventing tax evasion. Most of these methods rely on basic techniques such as regression, structural equations, and non-intelligent methods that cannot effectively analyze the relationship between the values of the variables involved in this field. Therefore, in this study, we introduce a method that leverages artificial intelligence techniques, specifically a meta-heuristic optimization approach and a perceptron neural network. This method effectively analyzes the nonlinear relationships within the data while addressing both the intrinsic and extrinsic aspects of the data dimensions simultaneously. The research sample consists of 25 experts from the Tax Affairs Organization, and the study was conducted in the year 2022. The results indicate a high prediction accuracy of approximately 98%. Additionally, it highlights the significant role of various factors contributing to tax evasion, including income concealment, money laundering, economic crises, political trust, the weaknesses, and complexities of tax laws and regulations, inadequate clarification of tax laws, contradictions in legal tax articles, administrative bureaucracy, and an inefficient tax structure.