A new tetrahydroxybenzophenone from a marine-associated fungus of <i>penicillium</i> sp. and its potential antibacterial activity

<i>Penicillium</i> species are renowned for their ability to produce a wide range of secondary metabolites with medicinal properties. In this study, compounds <b>1-10</b> were isolated from <i>Penicillium</i> sp. Z-16, of which compound <b>1</b> is a new benzophenone derivative named methyl 2-(2,6-dihydroxy-4-methylbenzoyl)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate. The chemical structure of <b>1</b> was determined through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D, 2D NMR (HMBC, HSQC) and HRESIMS. In addition, six other known compounds (<b>11-16</b>) were isolated and identified from <i>Penicillium</i> sp. T-5-1. The antimicrobial activity tests demonstrated that compound <b>1</b> was moderately active against <i>Candida albicans</i> with a MIC value of 125 μg/mL, while compound <b>2</b> showed a MIC value of 62.5 μg/mL against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.