Migration of posterior spinal rod to the medial aspect of the thigh: An unusual case report and literature review

The literature encompasses diverse cases of spinal rod migration, ranging from bilateral rod fractures in adult idiopathic scoliosis to anterior and posterior migrations into unexpected anatomical sites. Cases discuss complications, such as gastrointestinal bleeding and acetabular migration, emphasizing the importance of long-term follow-up and vigilant postoperative monitoring. Our study aims to present a unique case report of interbody fusion rod migration following posterior spinal fusion and provide a comprehensive literature review on spinal rod migration cases reported in the medical literature. A 27-year-old female, who underwent posterior spinal fusion five years ago for a lumbar fracture, presented with pain and swelling in the right thigh. Clinical examination revealed tenderness and a palpable rod in the medial aspect of the distal thigh. Radiographic assessment confirmed rod migration, prompting surgical removal. The case highlights the rarity of complications related to spinal instrumentation. This study underscores the significance of understanding and addressing complications associated with spinal instrumentation. The presented case, in conjunction with the literature review, contributes valuable insights for clinicians, emphasizing the need for meticulous surgical planning, ongoing research, and heightened awareness to optimize patient outcomes and prevent complications in spinal surgery.