Building recovery-based treatment networks: The Croatian experience

Background: Improving the quality and diversity of social recovery programs remains a challenge for drug treatment networks across Europe. The transfer of validated practices at the European level has been proposed to enhance program quality and evidence. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the needs and propose the implementation of social recovery programs within adult drug treatment, rehabilitation, and reintegration services in Croatia. Drawing on experiences from other European countries (Sweden, Belgium, Spain, and Italy), the goal was to identify and integrate effective practices into the Croatian treatment network. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed, including qualitative analysis of 22 interviews with key informants (policymakers, practitioners, and researchers) and quantitative analysis of secondary data (reports and documentation). Informants were selected based on their involvement in national, regional, and local drug treatment networks and their expertise in the evolution of drug issues in Croatia. Results: The study identified a decrease in traditional opioid users and an increase in cannabis and New Psychoactive Substance (NPS) users, particularly among youth associated with rave culture. Harm reduction strategies were shown to be effective in managing infectious diseases such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. However, certain groups remain underserved, including young non-opioid drug users and women (e.g., young women, pregnant women, and mothers with children). Conclusions: The findings underline the need for developing a comprehensive network for treating addictive behaviors, incorporating psychosocial support and social recovery programs, and adapting recovery programs to address the specific needs of underserved groups, including legal drug users, women with children, and young NPS users. Keywords: Biopsychosocial Model, Profile/patterns, Treatment network, Recovery/Rehabilitation/Social Reintegration, Qualitative analysis.