Assessing the Sustainability Practices of Global Supply Chains: Challenges and Solutions

This study critically assesses sustainability practices across global supply chains, focusing on key challenges and identifying strategic solutions to enhance environmental, social, and economic performance. The primary objective is to explore how organizations implement sustainable practices in response to regulatory pressures, stakeholder expectations, and technological advancements while transitioning from compliance-based models to proactive sustainability leadership. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted, drawing on peer-reviewed journal articles, policy papers, and industry reports published between 2020 and 2025. A structured search and selection strategy was employed using databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect, with thematic analysis guiding the synthesis of findings. The review reveals that while sustainability frameworks such as the Triple Bottom Line, ESG integration, and the Circular Economy are increasingly adopted, implementation remains uneven due to financial constraints, supply chain complexity, and regional regulatory disparities. Sectoral variations also influence the depth and scope of sustainability integration. Key enablers identified include digital innovation, multi-stakeholder collaboration, and supportive public policy. The study emphasizes the shift from regulatory compliance to strategic leadership in sustainability, highlighting the need for robust performance metrics and adaptive capacity. Conclusions point to the necessity of holistic, forward-thinking approaches that align innovation, policy, and stakeholder engagement. The study also identifies research gaps in the Global South and the long-term evaluation of sustainable supply chain performance. This research contributes to both academic scholarship and practical policymaking by offering actionable insights for building resilient, ethical, and future-proof global supply chains.