Sustainable Concrete Using Supplementary Cementitious Materials: A Review

Concrete is the most widely used construction material globally, yet its production is responsible for a significant portion of global CO₂ emissions due to cement manufacturing. This paper explores the use of Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) such as fly ash, slag, silica fume, and rice husk ash to reduce the carbon footprint of concrete production. The paper reviews the mechanical and durability properties of sustainable concrete incorporating SCMs and evaluates their environmental and economic benefits. The review concludes that SCMs can significantly improve sustainability without compromising performance.