Spontaneous Pneumothorax in Patient with Azygose Lobe

A twenty-one-year-old man with a massive right spontaneous pneumothorax was promptly drained, but due to persistent failure of the lung to re-expand, he underwent a chest CT, which revealed the presence of an accessory azygos lobe in the upper lobe of the right lung. Azygous lobe is a rare anatomical variant of the upper lobe of the lung, resulting from an atypical course of the azygous vein during embryogenesis, with an anomalous penetration into the lung. The onset of a spontaneous pneumothorax in a subject with an azygous lobe is extremely rare, likely due to a potential protective effect of the azygous lobe on the development of pneumothorax. It is essential to diagnose the presence of an azygous lobe before surgery to prevent the risk of injury to the vein