Environmental Challenges and Morphometric Diversity of Mud Crabs in Chilika Lake, Eastern India

Scylla serrata and Scylla tranquebarica are economically valuable mud crab species that inhabit estuarine and mangrove ecosystems. Chilika Lake, Asia's largest brackish water lagoon, provides a habitat for these species, supporting biodiversity and local fishing industries. This analysis explored the morphometric features, behavior, and ecological importance of these species in Chilika Lake. Morphometric studies have revealed differences in carapace width, body mass, and claw structure, affecting their growth, reproduction, and predator-prey dynamics. S. serrata has a wider carapace and stronger claws for competitive advantage, while S. tranquebarica features an elongated carapace and lighter claws for mobility. Both species showed territorial behavior and nighttime activity. S. serrata displays more aggressive behaviour, while S. tranquebarica adapts through escape responses and flexible habitat choices. Their feeding strategies varied with seasonal changes in salinity and prey availability. Climate change, excessive fishing, and habitat loss threaten the crab populations. Conservation efforts, including controlled harvesting and habitat restoration, are crucial for the preservation of biodiversity and fisheries. This review emphasizes the importance of these species in the Chilika Lake. Understanding these adaptations can assist in sustainable management and conservation policies. Further research is needed to study the genetic diversity and responses to environmental changes.