Murthadha Muthaharī's Principles of Thought on Theological and Social Issues: A Literature Review Study

Scholars argue that the critical issues of Murthadha Muthaharī's thoughts are ideology and ism. However, limited studies have been conducted to understand Muthadha Motahari's Ideological views based on worldviews, particularly related to Muthadha Muthahari's principles of thought theological and social issues. Therefore, this study investigates the epistemological thinking of Murtadha Motahhari. This study is a literature review that utilizes secondary data from published documents, including books, journals, and conference proceedings. The secondary data were refined from the published document; then, they were analyzed using a thematic approach. The results of this study demonstrate that Murthadha Muthaharī's thoughts on nature, humans, society, and history are all inextricably linked to the issue of knowledge. As such, epistemology in Murtadha Muthaharī's thought presents a view to find sources of knowledge broadly and correctly. Murtadha Muthaharī is a scholar who has very critical thinking towards the development of Marxism in Iran. He opposes various Western epistemological ideas but proposes an understanding of Islamic epistemology with the Al-Qur'an approach. Although Western epistemological thinking is very popular among the Iranian public, Islamic epistemology is considered more capable of providing a deeper understanding, according to Murtadha Muthaharī. He argues that sources of knowledge are nature, mind, heart, and history. The instruments of knowledge are the human senses, reason, and heart, as well as the stages and levels of knowledge. Knowledge encompasses the subconscious and is acquired through signs and sensory experiences. This knowledge is particular, physical, general, and essential.