Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria on High-Contact Surfaces in a Nigerian Healthcare Facility

Abstract: - Bacterial contamination on high-touch surfaces in healthcare and office environments poses a significant public health risk, contributing to the spread of nosocomial and community-acquired infections. This study assessed the bacteriological profiles of hand-touch surfaces in administrative offices at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH), Nnewi, Nigeria, using a cross-sectional design. A total of 10 samples were collected from shared desks, toilet flushers, door knobs, light switches, and keyboards using sterile swabs and analyzed for bacterial load and species identification. Results revealed substantial contamination across all surfaces, with total bacterial counts ranging from 1.0 × 10² to 2.0 × 10⁴ CFU/mL. Shared desks and keyboards exhibited the highest contamination levels, while fecal coliforms were detected in shared desks, door knobs, and keyboards, indicating poor hygiene practices. Five bacterial species were isolated: Staphylococcus aureus (37.04%), Streptococcus spp. (25.93%), Enterobacter spp. (14.81%), Proteus spp. (11.11%), and Bacillus cereus (11.11%). Staphylococcus aureus, a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections, was the most prevalent. Statistical analysis showed no significant association between bacterial isolates and surface type (p = 0.952), suggesting contamination was driven by environmental exposure and inadequate hygiene rather than surface material. These findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced infection control measures, including regular disinfection of high-touch surfaces, hand hygiene promotion, and staff training on microbial transmission risks. Implementing touchless technologies and routine microbiological monitoring in high-traffic areas is recommended to mitigate infection risks. This study highlights the critical role of environmental hygiene in preventing pathogen transmission in healthcare settings and calls for institutional policies to enforce stricter sanitation protocols. By addressing these gaps, healthcare facilities can reduce the burden of surface-mediated infections and safeguard both staff and patient health.