LEARNERS' PERSONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINANTS IN RELATION TO THEIR LEARNING ENGAGEMENT

ABSTRACT This study examined the correlation between pupils’ personal and environmental factors and their learning engagement. Specifically, it assessed the levels of personal factors, environmental factors, and learning engagement, while determining their relationships and influences. Descriptive-correlational design was employed, data were collected from 366 respondents using stratified and systematic random sampling. A self-made questionnaire, validated with Cronbach’s Alpha (.894 for personal factors, .929 for environmental factors, and .923 for learning engagement), ensured reliability. The study found that personal factors, including study habits, self-motivation, and learning attitude, were consistently observed among learners. Environmental factors, particularly home-related and school-related aspects, were highly observed, while classroom-related factors were also observed by respondents. In terms of learning engagement, students were highly engaged in affective and behavioral engagement, while cognitive engagement was engaged to a lesser extent. Findings also revealed that personal factors—study habits, self-motivation, and learning attitude—significantly correlated with and influenced learning engagement. Environmental factors, particularly home and classroom-related aspects, also played a crucial role. Keywords: Learners’ personal determinants, learners’ environmental determinants, learning engagement