Rethinking Productivity in the 21st Century: From Efficiency to Societal Impact

This paper redefines productivity by moving beyond its traditional focus on efficiency and profitability to embrace the concept of impact productivity. Grounded in theories such as the Triple Bottom Line, Stakeholder Theory, and Shared Value, it examines how productivity should be measured through social, environmental, and institutional contributions alongside economic outcomes. The study highlights the role of corporate social responsibility, sustainability, and stakeholder wellbeing in shaping modern organisational performance. It further explores how businesses and governments can leverage impact productivity to enhance competitiveness, ensure long-term resilience, and foster inclusive socio-economic development.