Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Analysis of Acacia nilotica Bark Extract

Acacia nilotica, a traditionally valued medicinal plant, was subjected to phytochemical screening and antimicrobial evaluation to explore its bioactive potential. Various solvent extracts, including ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, and aqueous, were analyzed for the presence of secondary metabolites. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, saponins, phenols, and steroids, with methanol and aqueous extracts showing the most diverse profile. Antibacterial activity of the crude bark extract was assessed against clinically significant pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, S. mutans, and C albicans. Activity decreased with lower concentrations, indicating a dose-dependent effect. The results suggest that Acacia nilotica possesses potent phytochemicals with significant antimicrobial properties, supporting its traditional use and potential for development into therapeutic agents