The Role of Vitamin D and Endothelin-1-21 in the Development of Essential Arterial Hypertension in Adolescents

Adolescent essential arterial hypertension (EAH) represents an expanding public health matter in Uzbekistan while evidence demonstrates that vitamin D deficiency and endothelial dysfunction contribute to its pathogenesis. Endothelin-1-21 (ET-1-21), a potent vasoconstrictor, plays a critical role in vascular dysregulation and hypertension development. The evaluation focuses on determining how vitamin D concentration in the serum relates to ET-1-21 levels found in hypertensive Uzbekistani adolescents. The study involved 84 adolescents between 12 to 18 years old from Tashkent city's schools No. 51, 98, and 246 and School No. 8 in Chirchiq city. Research data analyzed two groups consisting of 42 hypertensive adolescents combined with 42 normotensive adolescents. The analysis of blood pressure used automated sphygmomanometry with serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and ET-1-21 levels determined through ELISA. Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses examined the statistical connection between blood pressure, ET-1-21 concentrations, and vitamin D levels in the research group of 84 adolescents. Study results showed that bloodPressure adolescents exhibit decreased vitamin D amounts (18.3 ± 2.5 ng/mL, p<0.05) while having enhanced ET-1-21 levels (3.8 ± 0.6 pg/mL, p<0.01) relative to healthy control participants. The results show that vitamin D deficiency (r = -0.51, p<0.01) has a significant negative impact on ET-1-21 levels thus potentially leading to endothelial dysfunction and higher vascular resistance. Statistical models using regression analysis demonstrated that both vitamin D deficiency along with high levels of ET-1-21 acted independently to raise blood pressure readings especially in terms of systolic and diastolic measures. The study results demonstrate that vitamin D functions crucially to control endothelial features and blood pressure readings in Uzbek adolescents. The prevention of EAH among this population may benefit from dietary and lifestyle management of vitamin D deficiency. Additional longitudinal research must confirm these relationships between vitamin D and ET-1-21 levels and helps develop specific intervention strategies.