Hybrid Perovskite-Biochar Composites for Next-Generation Solar Thermal Conversion: Integrating Agro-Waste Valorization with Low-Cost, High-Efficiency Green Energy Systems

In this study, we investigate the integration of hybrid perovskite materials with agro-waste-derived biochar to fabricate low-cost, environmentally sustainable solar thermal conversion composites. Leveraging the tunable optoelectronic properties of perovskites and the photothermal advantages of biochar, we present a novel composite platform aimed at improving solar-thermal energy conversion efficiency while addressing waste valorization. Material characterization, thermal conductivity measurements, and solar simulation tests indicate that the hybrid composite demonstrates enhanced photothermal conversion (up to 89.6%) and superior thermal stability over 120 hours of simulated sunlight exposure. This study positions perovskite-biochar hybrids as promising materials for circular economy-driven energy innovations.