Recent trends in mRNA-based therapeutics: Applications in Infectious, Genetic, Cancer, Autoimmune, and Rare Diseases

ABSTRACT Messenger RNA (mRNA) has exhibited its notable efficacy as a valuable tool for treating numerous diseases. The design of mRNA molecules has evolved significantly, allowing for precise control over their ability in eliciting an immune response, stability, and translation efficiency. These advancements in mRNA engineering have played a pivotal role in enhancing the efficiency and safety of mRNA-based therapeutics. While mRNA therapies offer numerous advantages, including rapid development, adaptability, and potential for personalized medicine, they are not devoid of challenges. mRNA-based therapeutics hold significant potential in the field of oncology, vaccination and protein replacement offering the possibility to novel treatment strategies. This review offers a comprehensive overview of current mRNA-based approaches in infectious diseases, genetic diseases, cancer, autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular and other rare diseases.