Profile of patients of heart failure and BNP levels

ABSTRACT Heart failure (HF) represents a critical cardiovascular condition with substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. The present study was an observational, single-centeredcross-sectional research carried out from June 2021 to December 2022 at MGM Medical College and Hospital ,kamothe tertiary care facility. It assessed the B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels in HF patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and HF patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), as well as the clinical profiles of these patients. The investigation involved 110 HF patients, revealing noteworthy findings. Firstly, a majority of the patients (70%) were over 60 years old. The mean age of the study cohort was 61.49 years, with a male predominance (56%). NYHA class III symptoms were more prevalent than class IV symptoms (62.7% vs. 37.3%). Hypertension was the most common comorbidity (52.7%), followed by coronary artery disease (47.3%) and diabetes (30%). The most common risk factor of HF was coronary artery disease (CAD) (47.3%) followed by valvular heart disease (22.7%). BNP levels significantly differed between HFpEF and HFrEF patients, with HFrEF patients exhibiting higher levels. Respiratory tract infections were common, impacting clinical outcomes. Mortality rates were higher among older individuals (10.9%). Causes of death included sepsis (33.3%), renal failure (25%), acute myocardial infarction (16.7%), cardiac failure (16.7%), and cerebrovascular accidents (8.3%). Associations were found between a history of heart disease, smoking, alcohol consumption, and mortality risk. Elevated levels of urea, creatinine, potassium, and BNP were observed in non- survivors, along with a higher incidence of complications. Overall, this study highlights the patient profiles of HF and emphasizes the prognostic significance of BNP levels. Early detection and management of modifiable risk factors are important for improving patient outcomes and reducing mortality rates.