Aspects of the Old Testament Foundation of the Feast of Yom Kippur

Abstract: This study explores the biblical foundations and theological meanings of Yom Kippur, one of the holiest days in the Jewish religious calendar. The research analyzes the Levitical texts that underlie this holiday, along with rabbinic interpretations that enrich our understanding of it. The main themes addressed include the role of complete fasting and sacred rest as a means of introspection and closeness to God, the significance of atoning for sins through repentance (teshuva), and the intrinsic spiritual energy of the day, which supports divine reconciliation and purification of the soul. The study also emphasizes the importance of rabbinic commentaries in defining the practices and deepening the spiritual meanings of Yom Kippur, highlighting the uniqueness of this day as a time of spiritual rebirth and joy. The main conclusion is that, from a Jewish perspective, Yom Kippur is not merely a religious ceremony but a sacred institution that facilitates the reconnection between humanity and divinity, providing an annual opportunity for purification and spiritual renewal. Keywords: Yom Kippur, Fasting, Repentance, Shabbat, Day of Rest, Day of Atonement, Teshuva