Verification & Validation in Software Engineering: Methods, Challenges, and Future Trends

<p><em><span>Ensuring software reliability and quality is crucial in software engineering, and Verification and Validation (V&V) play a key role in achieving this. Verification ensures that software is built correctly, while validation confirms that the right software has been built. This paper explores various V&V techniques, their applications in different software development methodologies, and their impact on software quality. By analyzing challenges and emerging trends, this research provides a comprehensive view of V&V practices and their future in software development.</span></em></p>