An Unusual Case of Renal Infiltration in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is the most prevalent leukemia in adults, characterized by the monoclonal proliferation of mature B cells in the blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid tissues. While CLL primarily affects the hematopoietic system, lymph nodes, extra-nodal involvement is rare. Particularly renal involvement is very rare and poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Several differentials for renal failure in a CLL patient include Sepsis, dehydration, Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS), extrinsic compression of the ureter by the lymph node enlargement, side effects of the cancer therapy, most uncommon being the renal involvement of the CLL. We report a case of CLL with renal infiltration leading to florid renal failure, discussing its clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and management. This manuscript is based on work previously presented as an abstract at the SOHO 2024 conference. The findings and conclusions outlined herein expand upon the thesis presented in that abstract.