AI FOR RESTORING AND RECONSTRUCTING DAMAGED HERITAGE

ABSTRACT Cultural heritage encompasses both tangible and intangible aspects of human expression, such as monuments, traditional clothing, oral traditions, languages, and performing arts. It represents identity, cultural diversity, and historical continuity. However, globalization, environmental changes, conflicts, and neglect threaten its survival. Preservation involves documentation, conservation, education, legal protection, and international cooperation. Digital technologies like 2D/3D modeling and AI help conserve artifacts and capture intangible heritage like music and dance. AI plays a pivotal role in restoration by using computer vision and machine learning to detect damage, simulate original features, and predict future deterioration. Case studies, such as the Colosseum’s restoration and the digital reconstruction of the Buddhas of Bamiyan, show how AI helps in targeted, respectful interventions. Cultural heritage can be damaged by wars, natural disasters, environmental degradation, modernization, and vandalism. Notable examples include the destruction of Palmyra by ISIS and the 2015 Nepal earthquake’s impact on Kathmandu. Efforts to protect damaged heritage are global, involving UNESCO and technological innovations. AI also enhances access to heritage through virtual experiences, ensuring preservation despite physical threats. Cultural heritage is essential for societal well-being and requires collective action to safeguard it for future generations.