The Civilization of the Mun River Basin: From 4,000-Year-Old Rock Paintings to Ancient Cities in Sikhio and Sung Noen

The Mun River Basin in Nakhon Ratchasima Province presents a rich tapestry of human history spanning over 4,000 years. This article traces the cultural evolution of the region from prehistoric rock paintings to advanced quarrying technologies and urban development under the Dvaravati and Khmer civilizations. Key archaeological sites in Sikhio and Sung Noen districts reveal evidence of early symbolic expression, stone-working ingenuity, and sophisticated city planning. The study highlights the integration of religion, art, and local wisdom across historical phases, including the creation of sacred architecture and inscriptions during both the Dvaravati and Khmer periods. These findings illustrate the continuous cultural dynamism and resilience of communities along the Mun River, offering a holistic perspective on the legacy of Southeast Asian civilization.