Integrated Approach to Risk Identification and Assessment in Public Sector Design–Build Projects in Jakarta

Public infrastructure projects delivered through the Design–Build (D&B) method are often promoted for their efficiency and integration potential. However, in developing countries, D&B schemes frequently face significant implementation risks due to design immaturity, contractual ambiguity, and institutional limitations. This study investigates risk factors contributing to delays in the Sub Polder Marunda and Tipala–Adhyaksa Pumping Station project in East Jakarta, a government-led urban flood control initiative. A qualitative case study methodology was employed, combining document analysis, semi-structured expert interviews, and structured risk analysis tools. Risk identification was conducted using the Ishikawa (fishbone) method, which revealed 59 preliminary risk variables across six thematic categories. These were validated and narrowed down to 29 dominant risks. The Probability–Impact Matrix (PIM) was then applied to prioritize risks based on expert judgment. Key findings indicate that insufficient design maturity at contract award, lack of clarity in risk allocation, ineffective stakeholder coordination, and regulatory delays were the most significant contributors to project disruptions. The study emphasizes the need for context-specific risk frameworks that address both technical and governance-related challenges in public D&B projects. This paper offers empirical insights and practical recommendations to improve risk management in D&B infrastructure delivery, particularly for flood mitigation projects in rapidly urbanizing regions.