Titanium Dioxide nanoparticle: A green solution for Heavy Metal pollution and agricultural sustainability

Applications of nanotechnology are becoming more and more well-known worldwide, especially in the manufacturing of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs). Green synthesis is a non-toxic, economical, and safe method of creating NPs. The properties, uses, and production processes of TiO2 NPs are covered in this review. Because green synthesis methods use less energy, time, and precursors than chemical synthesis, they are more efficient. TiO2 NPs have beneficial effects on plant physiology, including purifying contaminated water. The regulating properties, prospects for the future, and quantifiable enrichment of TiO2 NPs are also covered in this paper. The utilization of nanoparticles in agricultural soil to reduce heavy metal stress is also covered, and the relationship between NPs and heavy metals is investigated. The existing research highlighted the relief mechanism to overcome the HM stress and included enough information about how NPs behave in plants when pollutants are present. This paper also outlines the kinds of microorganisms (fungi, bacteria, and algae), plants (trees, shrubs, and herbs), and biological derivatives (proteins, peptides, and starches) that used in the production of TiO2 NPs. The physiology of plants was positively impacted by TiO2 NPs, which can be utilized to clean polluted water. However, the reaction varied depending on the metal species, size, shape, dose, time of exposure, and other aspects. Additionally, this review focuses on the regulating characteristics, future perspectives, of TiO2 NPs application as well as the measurable enrichment in the product. By providing creative and practical knowledge to a wide range of environmental problems, nanotechnology is significantly contributing to their resolution. The rapidly rising concentrations of heavy metals (HM) in agricultural Soil has significant interest in recent years. Nanoparticles (NPs) is used to decrease the stress because of their special physiochemical characteristics. A comprehensive summary of recent developments concerning Heavy Metal stress and the potential mechanism of interaction between NPs and HM in the agricultural system is also provided. Furthermore, this review paper will help advance knowledge of phytoremediation and micro-remediation of contaminated soils and will draw attention to the necessity for further research on the use of NPs in soil for sustainable agriculture.