Environmental refugees and climate justice: a case study in Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro

Abstract The article addresses the growing phenomenon of forced migration due to environmental issues, a global concern, highlighting the inadequacy of legal provisions for environmental refugees. Through a case study conducted in the municipality of Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, following a severe flood, the study employs a qualitative methodology with unstructured interviews to capture the depth of their experiences and perceptions. The interviews aim to understand how natural disasters, exacerbated by human practices, affect the lives of these communities. The results highlight a vicious cycle of environmental degradation and social vulnerability, where human actions such as deforestation and inadequate waste management increase the frequency and severity of natural disasters, causing forced displacement and economic vulnerability. The discussion emphasizes the need for effective public policies and greater awareness of the interconnection between ecosystem health, environmental displacement, social inequality, and the inadequate management of natural resources.