A study on Diabetic Retinopathy and Association of lipid Profile with Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized bypersistently high blood glucose levels due to the body's inability to produce oreffectively use insulin. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood glucose, and indiabetes, either not enough insulin is produced, or the body's cells don't respondproperly to the insulin that is produced. This leads to an accumulation of glucose in thebloodstream, which can cause various health complications over time. Aims &Objective: To A study on Diabetic Retinopathy and Association of lipid Profile withSeverity of Diabetic Retinopathy among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Materialsand Methods: 220 participants were selected for this study and patients with type 2diabetes mellitus were segregated into 2 categories: - First category of patients withdiabetic retinopathy and second category of patients without diabetic retinopathy.Serum lipid levels of subjects were measured and its association with DiabeticRetinopathy were estimated Results: Prevalence of dyslipidaemia in our study was76.36 % (168 patients). Mean ± SD of LDL(mg/dL) in diabetic retinopathy was 121.91 ±42.22 and 107.77 ± 41.31 mg/dl in patients without diabetic retinopathy. Thus,significant association was seen between serum LDL levels and diabetic retinopathy.(p=0.008) Mean ± SD of HDL (mg/dL) in patients with diabetic retinopathy was 38.02 ±6.43 mg/dl and in patients without diabetic retinopathy was 38.34 ± 8.5 mg/dl with nosignificant association between them. (p=0.9). Conclusion: Elevated LDL levels aresignificantly associated with diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes, andthis association may be linked to endothelial dysfunction. Additionally, social factorslike education status can also play a role in the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy