Development of a C Program for Thermal Gradient Calculation in Multi-Layered Solids under Steady-State Conditions

Thermal gradient analysis is essential in the design and evaluation of heat transfer in engineering materials, especially in multi-layered systems used in insulation, structural components, and electronic devices. This paper presents the development and implementation of a C language program to compute the thermal gradient and temperature distribution across a composite wall subjected to steady-state heat conduction. The algorithm is based on Fourier’s Law of heat conduction and applies thermal resistance concepts for multiple layers with varying thicknesses and thermal conductivities. The user inputs material properties, layer dimensions, and boundary temperatures, and the program outputs the temperature drop across each layer and the thermal gradient. The results are validated against analytical solutions, showing high accuracy and computational efficiency. This tool provides a lightweight and adaptable solution for students, engineers, and researchers working in the field of thermal analysis, particularly in environments without access to complex simulation software.