CYBERSECURITY AS A GEOPOLITICAL BATTLEFIELD: THREATS TO NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY

Abstract The article explores cybersecurity as a key factor in contemporary geopolitics and a threat to national sovereignty. It demonstrates that cyber warfare, attacks on critical infrastructure, and information operations have become tools employed by states in the context of global rivalry. The study analyzes the role of transnational corporations in either ensuring or threatening cybersecurity. It compares the approaches of the United States, China, the European Union, and Russia to the development of digital sovereignty policies. Particular attention is paid to issues of technological autonomy, data localization, and international cyber cooperation. The article concludes by emphasizing the need to develop new international legal frameworks to stabilize cyberspace.