Parallel Histories of Learning: Tracing the Evolution of Higher Education in India, Spain, and Latin America

The paper aims to evaluate parallels of formation and evolution of the education system in India and the Hispanic world (Spain and Latin America). How institutions and Universities performed under the changing circumstances of education pattern as per the requirements of the time, the interest of the ruling community, religious centres, i.e., temples, churches, kings, emperors, landlords, etc.? How things kept changing till the modern period? The paper discusses continuity and discontinuity of educational achievements/advancement of the populace. Following the historical comparative analysis, the main objective of the study to trace the historical roots of the formation and evolution of higher education in India, Spain, and Latin America, analysing the role of socio-religious and political influence as well as comparing the pedagogical approaches followed by the institutions of learning of the parallel world. The findings of the study also reveal how ancient models of education continue to inform and inspire contemporary educational frameworks.