Assessment of Root and Canal Morphology of Mandibular Second Molar Teeth in a Group of Kashmiri Patients: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study

Mandibular second molars exhibit considerable anatomical variability, posing challenges during endodontic procedures. This study aimed to analyze the root and canal morphology of 100 mandibular second molars from 62 Kashmiri patients using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The study emphasized Vertucci’s and Fan’s classifications for canal configurations and C-shaped canals. Two-rooted molars predominated (86%), with Type IV (48%) and Type I (84%) configurations being most common in mesial and distal roots, respectively. C-shaped canals were present in 12% of cases, emphasizing the need for advanced diagnostic tools like CBCT to enhance clinical outcomes. These findings contribute to understanding the anatomical diversity in the Indo-Aryan Kashmiri population.