The Nipah Virus: A Review OF Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and Management

The Nipah virus (NiV) infects both humans & animals; causes serious neurological and respiratory disorders. Coming from the natural reservoir of fruit bats (Pteropus spp.). It was first identified 20 years ago in Malaysia and has since caused outbreaks in other parts of South and Southeast Asia. It causes severe neurological and respiratory disease which is highly lethal. It is highly infectious and spreads in the community through infected animals or other infected people. Diseased animals, tainted food, or human-to-human transmission are the three ways the virus spreads. With a high fatality rate, NiV infection causes symptoms that range from fever and headache to severe encephalitis and respiratory difficulties.There aren't any licensed vaccines or antiviral medications for the Nipah virus at this time. Since there is currently no specific therapy or vaccination, early discovery, supportive care, and stringent biosecurity measures are the only ways to prevent outbreaks. Nipah virus is still a major worldwide health issue because of its potential to spread like a pandemic. There are currently no effective therapeutics, and supportive care and prevention are the mainstays of management.