Chronic Low-Grade Systemic Inflammatory State and Insulin Resistance: Implications for Metabolic Health

Insulin resistance, recognized since 1936 as part of non-communicable diseases, has been an evolving topic. This work updates the scientific community on this epiphenomenon as a component of a low-grade systemic inflammatory state. Through searches in PubMed, Redalyc and Google Scholar, 368 articles were identified, 49 references were selected, of which 77.5% were published between 2020 and 2024. The historical periodization includes the initial differentiation of insulin- sensitive and insulin-insensitive diabetic patients in 1936, which laid the foundations for its study. Between 1979 and 1987, the development of the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp marked an advance in its quantification; from 1988 to 1999, its role in metabolic syndrome was consolidated, and since 2000, research has highlighted the influence of the intestinal microbiota on insulin resistance and its link to inflammation.