Cyathea pungens Domin (Domin 1929

Cyathea pungens (Willd.) Domin Figs 10, 13B Cyathea pungens (Willd.) Domin (Domin 1929a: 263). – Polypodium pungens Willd. (Willdenow 1810: 206). – Alsophila pungens (Willd.) C.Presl (Presl 1836: 61). – Trichipteris pungens (Willd.) R.M.Tryon (Tryon 1970: 46). – Type: BRAZIL • “ Brasilia ”; J.C. von Hoffmannsegg s.n.; holotype: B [B-W 19716-011, B-W 19716-012, B-W 19716-013, 3 sheets, Herb. Willdenow]!; isotypes: B [B 20 0000318, Herb. Link]!, NY [00148762, fragment of B], US [00066283, fragment of B] image!. Polypodium procerum Willd. (Willdenow 1810: 206). – Alsophila procera (Willd.) Desv. (Desvaux 1827: 319). – Cyathea willdenowiana Domin (Domin 1930: 171). – Trichipteris procera (Willd.) R.M.Tryon (Tryon 1970: 46). – Type: BRAZIL • “ Brasilia ”; J.C. von Hoffmannsegg s.n.; holotype: B [B-W 19717-011, B-W 19717-012, B-W 19717-013, 3 sheets, Herb. Willdenow]!; isotypes: NY [00148758, fragment of B], US [00066279, fragment of B]!. Alsophila infesta Kunze (Kunze 1834: 98). – Cyathea infesta (Kunze) Domin (Domin 1930: 125). – Trichipteris infesta (Kunze) R.M.Tryon (Tryon 1970: 45). – Alsophila phalerata var. infesta (Kunze) Farw. (Farwell 1931: 250). – Type: PERU • Huánuco, “ Peruviae ad Miss. Tocache fluv. Huallgae vicinam”; Aug. 1830; E. Poeppig s.n.; holotype: LZ [destroyed]; lectotype: W [W0056018, W0056019, 2 sheets]!, designated by Lehnert 2016; isolectotypes: BM [BM000937693, fragment of W]!, MO [MO-1855206] image!. Alsophila subaculeata Splitg. (Splitgerber 1840: 430). – Type: SURINAME • Canawappibo; Dec. 1837; F.L. Splitgerber s.n.; lectotype: L [L.1285146, L.1285147, 2 sheets]!, first step designated by Barrington 1978, second step designated here; isolectotypes: NY [fragment of P] n.v. (fide Barrington 1978), US [00066287, fragment of P] image!. Etymology The specific epithet refers to the sharp stinging prickles that are usually present on the petioles of this species. Selected material studied HAITI – Nord • Plaisance; [ca 19.596973° N, 72.466326° W]; 609 m a.s.l.; 27 Aug. 1903; G.V. Nash 887; NY, US. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC – Barahona • Paradis vicinity; [ca 18.149° N, 71.107° W]; 0–800 m a.s.l.; 28 Jan. 1922; W.L. Abbott 1580; US. – Pacificador • Vicinity of San Francisco de Macoris, Lo Bracito; [ca 19.326° N, 70.259° W]; 400–1000 m a.s.l.; 5 Apr. 1922; W.L. Abbott 2030; US. – Samaná • Monte Negro, about 10 miles N of Sánchez, Samaná Peninsula; ca 19.260° N, 69.591° W; 300–400 m a.s.l.; 17 Mar. 1969; A.H. Liogier 14453; NY. PUERTO RICO [USA] – Río Grande • Luquillo Forest, Rt. 191, km 5.2; [ca 18.334° N, 65.764° W]; 286 m a.s.l.; 22 Nov. 1973; D.S. Conant 670; F, MO, US, VT. GUADELOUPE – Basse-Terre • Marecageuse de Lamentin; [ca 16.292° N, 61.635° W]; 5–12 m a.s.l.; Jun. 1897; A. Duss 3882; F, NY, US. COLOMBIA – Amazonas • Leticia, Quebrada Tacana, 22.5 km NNW cabecera municipal; 4.022° S, 69.999° W; 3 Aug. 2000; J.C. Arias-G. 828; COAH, COL, HUA. – Caquetá • San José del Fragua Inspeción de policia de Puerto Bello, resguardo San Miguel; 1°08′67″ N, 76°16′14″ W; 200 m a.s.l.; 4 Oct. 2015; L.F. Giraldo 3575; COAH, HUA. – Cauca • Piamonte, aguas arriba de la desembocadura del Indayaco en el Caquetá, margen derecha; 1.02° N, 76.48° W; 400 m a.s.l.; 19 Oct. 1996; R. Sánchez 3232; COAH. – Guaviare • Municipio de San Juán del Guaviare, vereda Los Alpes, finca El Provenir, Serrania La Lindosa, 02°31′51″ N, 72°48′39″ W; 310 m a.s.l.; 22 Jul. 2017; D. Cárdenas, N. Marín, M. Holguín & G. Holguín 48784; COAH. – Meta • Uribe, PNN Tinigua, vereda Aires del Meta; 2.583° N, 74.333° W; 23 Apr. 2002; M. Gaitán 7; COAH. – Putumayo • Puerto Leguízamo, Río Putumayo en Puerto Ospina; 0.229° N, 75.938° W; 230 m a.s.l.; J. Cuatrecasas 10578; COL, F, US. VENEZUELA – Amazonas • Rio Yatuá; 1.17508° N, 66.0572° W; 105 m a.s.l.; K.M. Redden et al. 3539; US. – Bolívar • Dtto. Sifontes, concesión Minera Oro Uno, 7 km al NO de la Clarita; [ca 06°13′ N, 61°27′ W]; 180 m a.s.l.; 3 Aug. 1985; G. Aymard et al. 3874; MO. – Delta Amacuro • Venezuela-British Guiana frontier, Sierra Imataca, upstream from San Victor, past Quebrada Piedradero and Río Matanaima; [ca 01.665° N, 62.420° W]; 65–80 m a.s.l.; 1 Nov. 1960; J.A. Steyermark 87203; MO, NY, US, VEN. – Zulia • Dtto. Bolivar, Cuenca del Embalse Burro Negro; (Pueblo Biejo), sector entre Quiros-El Pensado y el pie de Cerro Socopo, en el area aprox. 10 km en linea recta al este de Churuguarita; 10.169° N, 71.0459° W; 250–300 m a.s.l.; G.S. Bunting 9515; UC. TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO – Trinidad • Causa road, gully, near 3 mile post; 25 May 1928; W.E. Broadway 6958; F, MO • Without locality; 1878–1880; A. Fendler 112; MO, NY, US. GUYANA – Barima-Waini • Barima River, Northwest District; [ca 8.33° N, 59.83° W]; [ca 110 m a.s.l.]; 19 Mar. 1923; J.S. de la Cruz 3417; MO, NY, US. – Cuyuni-Mazaruni • Arawak Matope, Cuyuni River; [ca 06.51° N, 58.91° W]; 91 m a.s.l.; 20 Jul. 1933; T.G. Tutin 403; US. – Demerara-Mahaica • Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Paruima to Conoch Tipu, S of village ± 1 km; 5.98333° N, 61.05° W; 530–610 m a.s.l.; 17 May 1990; T. McDowell & D. Gopaul 2624 a; US. – Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo • Upper Essequibo Region, Rewa River, near Camp 2 at foot of Spider Mountains; 3°07′59″ N, 58°31′59″ W; 220 m a.s.l.; 13 Sep. 1999; M.J. Jansen-Jacobs 5881; L [formerly U], NY, UC, US. SURINAME – Commewijne • Perica R., Capoerica Ridge, near km 3; ca 05.758° N, 54.973° W; 10 m a.s.l.; 27 Jan. 1954; J.C. Lindeman 5405; US. – Para • Upper Para Creek to Suriname River, ca 8 km E of Zanderij on road to Phedra; ca 5.488° N, 55.156° W; 10 m a.s.l.; 12 Feb. 1961; R.M. Tryon Jr. & K.U. Kramer 5618; US. – Sipaliwini • Inselberg Talouakem – Massif des Tumuc-Humac; 2°28′59″ N, 54°45′00″ W; 250 m a.s.l.; 8 Aug. 1993; J.J. de Granville et al. 12126; L [formerly U], US. FRENCH GUIANA – Cayenne • D.Z. de Crique Jupiter, Bassin du Sinnamary; 4.0675° N, 53.1619° W; 80 m a.s.l.; 27 Apr. 1991; J.J. de Granville, C.S. Roesel & L. Brothers 11592; US. – Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni • W face of Roche Koutou ʻinselbergʼ, Upper Maroni Basin; 3.1444° N, 54.05° W; 170 m a.s.l.; 19 Aug. 1987; J.-J.de Granville, L. Allorge, W.J. Hahn & M. Hoff 9464; F. ECUADOR – Napo • Río Lagarto Cocha, near Redondo Cocha; 0°33′ S, 75°53′ W; 190 m a.s.l.; 15 Jun. 1983; J.E. Lawesson, T. LaessØe & P.M. JØrgensen 44394; AAU, MO, QCA. – Orellana • Parque Nacional Yasuni, Km 92.5 rd Pompeya-Iro; 0°53.370′ S, 76°13.520′ W; 250–300 m a.s.l.; 12 May 1997; M.J. Macía & A.P. Yánez 323; MO, QCA. – Pastaza • Oil exploration camp Chichirota, on the Río Bobonaza; 2°22′ S, 76°40′ W; 300 m a.s.l.; 26 Jul. 1980; B. Øllgaard, E. Asanza-C., J. Brandbyge, S. Roth & C. Sperling 35264; AAU, F, QCA, UC, US. – Sucumbios • Alto Río Aguarico, Río Chingual, ridge just before Ching Chingual bridge, between Rio Recodo and Rio Chingual, new trail toward Bermejo, from new road to Tulcán above Puerto Libre; 0°15′22″ N, 77°28′25″ W; 700–800 m a.s.l.; 7 Jul. 2000; R. Aguinda, M. Metz & T. Theim 805; F, UC. – Zamora-Chinchipe • Cordillera del Condor, Miazi, flood plain forest along Rio Nangaritza. Transect #3; 4°18′ S, 78°40′ W; 850 m a.s.l.; 28 Jul. 1993; A. Gentry 80578; MO. PERU – Amazonas, Prov. Condorcanqui • Dist. Imaza, Comunidad Nativa de Yamayakat; 5.057° S, 78.338° W; 350 m a.s.l.; Mar. 2002; R. Bonino 345; MO. – Huanuco, Prov. Leoncio Prado • Dtto. José Crespo y Castillo, carretera a Cotomono, cerca a Aucayacu; ca 08.950° S, 76.1176° W; 500–580 m a.s.l.; J. Schunke V. 10507; MO, UC. – Loreto, Prov. Iqiuitos • San Juan, río Tigre; 2°35′ S, 75°40′ W; 245 m a.s.l.; 17 Mar. 1987; W.H. Lewis, M. Elvin-Lewis, D. Fast & J. Campos de la Cruz 12863; MO. – Madre de Dios, Prov. Tambopata • 30 air km or 70–80 river km SSW of Puerto Maldonado at effluence to La Torre (Río DʼOrbigny)/ Río Tambopata (SE bank), Tambopata Nature Reserve; 12°49′ S, 69°17′ W; 260 m a.s.l.; 16 Apr. 1980; P.J. Barbour 4795; MO, UC. – Pasco, Prov. Oxapampa • Dist. Palcazú, San Pedro de Pichanaz-Azulis, Reserva Comunal Yanesha; 10°28′40″ S, 75°06′10″ W; 670 m a.s.l.; 25 Feb. 2004; L.F. Mellado N. 0733; MO, USM. – Puno, Prov. Carabaya • Río Tavara base camp; 13°21′ S, 69°40′ W; 400 m a.s.l.; 19 May 1992; A. Gentry, C. Reynel, R. Ortiz & P. Nuñez 76848; MO, NY, UC. – San Martin, Prov. Mariscal Caceres • Distrito Tocache Nuevo, Puerto Pizana (right margin of Río Huallaga); 350 m a.s.l.; 1 Jun. 1974; V.J. Schunke 6866; UC. • Prov. San Martin • In montibus secus flumen Mayo, prope Tarapoto; Jul.–Aug. 1856; R. Spruce 4715 [excluded syntypes of Alsophila floribunda, mix with C. dombeyi]; BM [BM000777031, BM000777032 (mix with C. dombeyi), BM000777346], P [P00642346 p.p., P00642349, P00642350] • In monte Campana prope Tarapoto; Aug. 1856; R. Spruce 4715; W [W-Rchb. 0053380]. – Ucayali • Col. Prado, along new road from Parque Nacional Alexander von Humboldt to Puerto Inca, ca 5 km E of main Pucallpa-Tingo Maria road at Km 86; 8°17′ S, 74°58′ W; 500 m a.s.l.; 5 Nov. 1980; T.B. Croat 51061; MO, UC. • Coronel Portillo, Calleria, camino a la altura del Quebrada Mojaral, este del Río Utiquina y Quebrada Pumayacu; 8°09.13′ S; 74°15.48′ W; 150–175 m a.s.l.; J. Schunke Vigo & J.G. Graham 15500; F, UC. BRAZIL – Acre • Município de Rio Branco, BR 364, estrada Rio Branco - Porto Velho, km 11 da magem ramal que da acesso ao lugar Belo Jardim; 25 Oct. 1980; C.A. Cid Ferreira & B.W. Nelson 3053; NY, US. – Amazonas • Coari, Província Petrolífera de Urucu, arredores do pólo Arara, igarapé da Onça; 4.864454° S, 65.298671° W; 75 m a.s.l.; 2007; M.R. Pietrobom-Silva 6928; RB. – Ceará • Serra do Araripe; [ca 07.389° S, 40.216° W]; v. Luetzelburg 25816a; UC. – Goias • Jatai; [ca 17°53′26.8″ S, 51°45′01.4″ W]; [ca 670 m a.s.l.]; A. Macedo 1518; US. – Mato Grosso • Municipio de Porto dos Gauchos, bacia rio Patelão (afl. rio dos Peixes), ca 115 km W de Porto Atlantico (Rio Teles Pires); 11.5° S; 56.75° W; 350–400 m a.s.l.; 16 Jul. 1991; P.G. Windisch & W. Oliveira 6493; US. – Mato Grosso do Sul • Munic. Rio Verde de Mato Grosso, Serra Pimenteira, C