Radiological Imaging in Hydranencephaly: A Case Report

Abstract Hydranencephaly is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the near-complete absence of the cerebral hemispheres with preservation of the brainstem and basal ganglia. Radiological imaging plays a crucial role in the antenatal and postnatal diagnosis, management, and prognostication of this condition. This abstract provides a comprehensive review of the radiological findings in hydranencephaly. Prenatal ultrasound typically reveals a lack of cerebral tissue with the presence of fluid-filled cranial vaults. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) further delineates the extent of brain tissue loss, often showing remnants of the basal ganglia and thalami. Postnatally, computed tomography (CT) scans confirm the absence of cerebral hemispheres and may reveal calcifications in the basal ganglia. Radiological findings aid in distinguishing hydranencephaly from other brain malformations such as anencephaly, holoprosencephaly, and porencephaly. Additionally, they assist in counselling families regarding prognosis and guiding clinical management decisions. This abstract highlights the importance of radiological imaging in the diagnosis and management of hydranencephaly, emphasizing its role in facilitating early intervention and supportive care for affected individuals.