Survey on Modern Pesticides: Exposure Levels and their Emerging Trends

Abstract Pesticides are integral to modern agriculture, enhancing crop production by controlling pests. However, their extensive use, particularly in countries like India, raises serious health concerns for farmers due to prolonged exposure. This study investigates the health impacts of pesticide exposure among farmers in Sonipat District, Haryana, India, through a survey of 300 participants from five villages. Ethical clearance was obtained, and data collection focused on pesticide usage, exposure levels, and health outcomes. Statistical analysis and visual representations, such as bubble plots, identified significant correlations between prolonged exposure and adverse health effects. Farmers with over 15 years of exposure exhibited higher risks of respiratory and skin-related conditions, largely due to inadequate use of protective gear. Spray application methods were linked to more severe symptoms compared to manual techniques. A direct relationship was observed between work hours and health deterioration, with extended exposure intensifying symptoms. Additionally, pesticide exposure was found to exacerbate pre-existing lifestyle disorders, notably affecting kidney and liver functions. The study highlights the pressing need for awareness programs on safe pesticide practices and the consistent use of protective measures. Future research should focus on long-term health assessments and interventions to safeguard agricultural workers and promote sustainable farming. Key Words Pesticide Exposure, Occupational Health Risks, Agricultural Toxicology, Risk Mitigation Strategies, Epidemiology of Pesticide Exposure