Production, Productivity, and Export Potential of Shahi Litchi in Bihar: Opportunities and Challenges

Bihar, especially the Muzaffarpur district, is recognized as the heartland of litchi cultivation in India. Among its varieties, the Shahi Litchi stands out due to its early maturity, distinctive flavor, and rich aroma. In 2018, it was granted the Geographical Indication (GI) tag, placing it among India’s premium horticultural products. Despite accounting for nearly 40% of the nation’s litchi production, the state faces a paradox: while the fruit is widely loved and in demand, its export volume remains low. This research paper critically examines the trends in the area under cultivation, production, and productivity of Shahi Litchi, highlighting key infrastructural and policy challenges. It also evaluates the export potential of this fruit and suggests ways to integrate Bihar's litchi economy with global markets. Primary data from field surveys and secondary data from authentic sources such as the Department of Horticulture (Govt. of Bihar), National Horticulture Board, APEDA, and the National Research Centre on Litchi (NRCL) are used to support the analysis.