The Effect of Implementing Problem-Based Learning (PBL) with Window Shopping (WS) on Problem-Solving Skills and Critical Thinking Skills in Vocational Education

The Effect of Implementing Problem-Based Learning (PBL) with Window Shopping (WS) on Problem- Solving Skills and Critical Thinking Skills in Vocational Education This study aimed to investigate the effect of applying the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model integrated with Window Shopping (WS) on the problem-solving and critical thinking skills of students in vocational education. This quantitative study employed a quasi-experimental design. The population comprised 54 10th-grade vocational high school students, all of whom served as the research sample. The sample was divided into two classes: the experimental group (n=27), taught using the PBL model with WS, and the control group (n=27), taught using a conventional learning model. Data were collected via pre- and post-tests designed to assess problem-solving and critical thinking skills. The validity of the research instruments was established through expert judgment, and their reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's Alpha. Data analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics, specifically the independent samples t -test. The results of the independent samples t-test indicated a significant value (2-tailed) of 0.013 (< 0.05) for the problem- solving skills test and 0.000 (< 0.05) for the critical thinking skills test. Thus, it can be concluded that the Problem -Based Learning (PBL) model integrated with the Window-Shopping method had a significant positive effect on the problem - solving and critical thinking skills of vocational high school students, specifically concerning Mechanical Measuring Tools (Vernier caliper) material. This study suggests that the PBL with WS approach offers a promising pedagogical strategy for fostering essential 21st-century skills in vocational settings.