Ciminius undetermined

Description ofCiminiussp. immature stages Figures 31 –37 1 st instar. Coloration reddish yellow (Figs 31 A, 32), with yellowish marks laterally; frons yellowish; a longitudinal pale band from crown to apex of abdomen; posterior margin with a pair of faint darkened maculae between ocelli. Pronotum with a pair of transversal darkened bands, arising from lateral margins and extending almost medially, a pair of rounded dark macula sub medially. Mesonotum with darkened areas medially. Metanotum with three pairs of darkened spots forming a triangle each side of median line. Legs light-yellow. Head (Fig. 32 A), in dorsal view, 1.4 × wider than long, anterior margin broadly rounded, slightly emarginated medially, antennal ledges not prominent, scape and pedicel distinct and visible; in lateral view, compound eyes rounded, frons slightly inflated, with clypeus visibly separated; in ventral view (Fig. 32 B), muscle impressions distinct, rostrum with three segments, surpassing metathoraxic coxae basis. Pronotum (Fig. 32 A), in dorsal view, slender, slightly wider than head width. Mesonotum (Fig. 32 A), in dorsal view, width approximately equal to pronotum width, median lobe rounded, slightly smaller than postero-lateral angles. Metanotum (Fig. 32 A), in dorsal view, length approximately equal to pronotum and mesonotum combined length. Tarsi (Fig. 32 C) with two segments, the basal smaller than the distal, the latter ending in a pair of claws. Abdomen (Fig. 32 B) with nine visible segments, the first and second fused and 10 th and 11 th forming the anal tube. 2 nd instar. Overall coloration (Figs 31 B, 33) similar to anterior instar, with pale-yellow coloration more consistent and intense, macula and marks more distinct, especially the pair of maculae between the eyes. Metanotum with three pairs of darkened spots more aligned. Abdomen with the reddish areas smoother. Head (Fig. 33 A), in dorsal view, anterior margin broadly rounded, with a very slight emargination; other head features as in anterior instar. Pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum (Fig. 33 A, C) proportions as in anterior instar. Metanotum with length greater than pronotum and mesonotum length combined. Abdomen (Fig. 33 B) as in anterior instar, with a segmentation more distinct and apex more sclerotized, initiating the terminalia structures formation. 3 rd instar. Overall pale-yellow coloration more homogeneous (Figs 31 C, 34), with more distinct darkened macula and marks on head and pronotum. Crown with a faint pair of darkened spots apically. Frons, with marks on muscular impressions and longitudinal whitish band beginning to distinguish; rostrum darkened. Pronotum and metanotum with posterior margin with a transverse smoky stripe. Abdomen with reddish areas smoother and restricted to ventral portion, dorsum with red spots more distinct. Head (Fig. 34 A), in dorsal view, with anterior margin rounded, other features of head as in anterior instar. Pronotum begins to elongate. Mesonotum length of latero-posterior angles almost twice than median lobe length. Metanotum with latero-posterior angles reaching the second abdominal segment, indicating the beginning of wing pads development. Legs (Fig. 34 C) structures as in anterior instar, with setae thin, more distinct and elongate. Abdomen (Fig. 34 B) with strong segmentation, terminalia as in anterior instar. 4 th instar. Overall coloration (Figs 31 D, 35) similar to the anterior instar, with black macula on crown and pronotum marks very distinct, wing pads color beginning to distinguish. Frons with muscular impressions very distinct and rostrum darkened. Mesonotum wing pads with three darkened stripes. Metanotum wing pads with an elongated maculae arising from posterior margin and extending anterad. Abdomen reddish marks faded. Head and thorax (Fig. 35 A, B) features as in anterior instar, with ocelli beginning to distinguish. Pronotum (Fig. 35 A) length greater than median lobe of mesonotum length. Mesonotum with wing pads developed, almost reaching apex of metanotum wing pads, and attaining abdominal third segment. Legs (Fig. 35 C) with setae stouter and distinct. Abdomen (Fig. 35 B) with strong segmentation, terminalia sclerotized and conspicuous, with pygofer and ventral parts well distinguished. 5 th instar. Overall coloration (Figs 31 E, 36) as in anterior instar, with paler areas and maculae similar to adults (see generic description), frons with very distinct and yellowed muscular impressions, with darkened areas around. Mesonotum wing pads with darkened stripes thinner and more defined. Abdomen with well-defined pairs of longitudinal darkened stripes on dorsum, being one broad submedially and one thin, laterally. Head (Fig. 36 A) with anterior margin from broadly rounded to subtriangular, compound eye oval, ocelli distinct, other features as in anterior instar. Pronotum elongate. Mesonotum with median lobe elongate and posterior margin triangular, wing pads well-developed, reaching forth abdominal segment. Metanotum with wing pads well-developed (Fig. 36 A, C), slightly longer than mesonotum wing pads. Abdomen (Fig. 36 B) with well-developed terminalia and distinct sexes. Female (Fig. 37 A): subgenital plates elongate, with length reaching pygofer apical third, with a complete median slit. Male (Fig. 37 B): subgenital plates short, length not attaining pygofer apical half, with a median slit restricted to apical portion (Marucci et al. 2000). Remarks. The first and second stages (Fig. 31 A, B) are quite similar, but the latter can be differentiated by the following characters: (1) more robust structure of body, especially the head, (2) reddish coloration smoother and restricted to abdomen, (3) metanotum more elongate latero-posteriorly. The third instar presents the macula and the paler areas on crown and pronotum very distinct (Fig. 33), the overall pale-yellow coloration is more homogeneous as the reddish coloration is fading. But the remarkable characteristics of this stage are: (1) distinction of facial muscular impressions; (2) presence of the setae in hind legs; and (3) beginning of sclerotization and distinction of the terminalia. The fourth and fifth stages are very similar in overall coloration (Fig. 31 D, E) but can be distinguished by the proportion and length of wing pads: in the fourth instar, the wing pads of mesonotum do not attain the apex of metanotum wing pads (Fig. 35 A, C), and the latter attains to median third of abdomen third segment (Fig. 36 A, C); and in the fifth instar, the mesonotum wing pads tangencies the apex of metanotum wing pads (Fig. 36 C), and the latter extends until half-length of fourth abdominal segment. All the immature specimens were collected with the sweep method and the resulting material was stored with the following precedence label: “ Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, UFPR – Centro Politécnico – Estacionamento, varredura, XII. 2022 ”. The Ciminius nymphs present the particularity of showing, even at first instar, some of the maculae present in the adults, as the maculae on pronotum and mesonotum, allowing them to an easy recognition at genus level. As the nymph develops, it is possible to note the reddish coloration of abdomen turning into yellow, which in adults turns into an even more darkened coloration. Some specimens collected, especially in fourth and fifth instars, presented a darkened overall coloration, which could possibly mean to be a black adult. However, in the collection site, there are occurrence of two species, C. albolineatus and C. sesamum sp. nov., both presenting adults with black overall coloration and therefore was not possible to identify the nymphs species without usage of molecular methods or rearing nymphs, until the emergence of adults.