Corinnomma hamulatum

Corinnomma hamulatum (Song & Zhu, 1992) Castianeira hamulata Song & Zhu, 1992: 107, figs. 1–4 (♂ ♀); Song and Li (1997): 420, fig. 25 A – D (♂ ♀); Song et al. (1999): 429, figs. 254 O – P and 255 E – F (♂ ♀). Corinnomma severum (Thorell, 1877) - Deeleman-Reinhold (2001): 318, figs. 464–471 [♂ ♀, misidentification, considered as a senior synonym of Castianeira hamulatum and Corinnomma tiranglupa (Barrion & Litsinger, 1995)]; Wang et al. (2012): 38, figs. 1 A and 2 A – I (♂ ♀, misidentification). Castianeira severum Yin et al. (2012): 1131, fig. 601 a – f (♂ ♀, misidentification). Materials Type status: Holotype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: IZCAS-Ar 9033; recordedBy: Anonymous; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; previousIdentifications: Castianeira hamulata; occurrenceID: 85711125-386B-5991-891C-0586F9ECD9E4; Taxon: scientificName: Corinnomma hamulatum; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Hubei; county: Xuan'en; verbatimCoordinates: 109.7269 ° E, 29.7986 ° N; Identification: identifiedBy: Yejie Lin; dateIdentified: 2024; Event: year: 1989; month: 5; day: 25; Record Level: institutionCode: IZCAS Type status: Allotype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: IZCAS-Ar 9034; recordedBy: Anonymous; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; previousIdentifications: Castianeira hamulata; occurrenceID: 377A8C84-90F4-5311-85FF-EA556EEA2A2E; Taxon: scientificName: Corinnomma hamulatum; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Hubei; county: Xuan'en; verbatimCoordinates: 109.7269 ° E, 29.7986 ° N; Identification: identifiedBy: Yejie Lin; dateIdentified: 2024; Event: year: 1989; month: 5; day: 25; Record Level: institutionCode: IZCAS Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: IZCAS-Ar 9035; recordedBy: Anonymous; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; previousIdentifications: Castianeira hamulata; occurrenceID: 2DB91067-6DD2-5371-BAB6-D4521DE4A9CB; Taxon: scientificName: Corinnomma hamulatum; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Hubei; county: Xianfeng; municipality: Maheba Village; verbatimElevation: 394 m; verbatimCoordinates: 109.2500 ° E, 29.7627 ° N; Identification: identifiedBy: Yejie Lin; dateIdentified: 2024; Event: year: 1989; month: 6; day: 4; Record Level: institutionCode: IZCAS Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Zhaoyi Li, Hui Wang, and Yang Chen; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; previousIdentifications: Corinnomma sp.; occurrenceID: 529E7D31-6697-5669-BECC-FD059F5F05C0; Taxon: scientificName: Corinnomma hamulatum; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Hunan; county: Sangzhi; municipality: Xijie Forest Farm; verbatimCoordinates: 110.1826 ° E, 29.3945 ° N; Identification: identifiedBy: Yejie Lin; dateIdentified: 2024; Event: year: 2018; month: 11; day: 9; Record Level: institutionCode: MHBU Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Xiaoqi Mi, Hua Wang, and Mingyong Liao leg.; individualCount: 4; sex: 3 males, 1 female; lifeStage: adult; previousIdentifications: Corinnomma severum; occurrenceID: A94A2EDF-43B2-50B0-A156-BF4F8B0AD634; Taxon: scientificName: Corinnomma hamulatum; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Guizhou; county: Jiangkou; municipality: Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve; Identification: identifiedBy: Yejie Lin; dateIdentified: 2024; Event: year: 2011; month: 5; day: 11; Record Level: institutionCode: TRU Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Yongjing Zhang; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; previousIdentifications: Castianeira severum; occurrenceID: 266884E4-3390-570F-BFC2-102F46B26284; Taxon: scientificName: Corinnomma hamulatum; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Hunan; county: Tongdao; municipality: Mujiao Township; Identification: identifiedBy: Yejie Lin; dateIdentified: 2024; Event: year: 1996; month: 6; day: 4; Record Level: institutionCode: HNU Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Liansuo Gong; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; previousIdentifications: Castianeira severum; occurrenceID: BC8E2DA1-3CA1-5878-BAD9-00ED8E367229; Taxon: scientificName: Corinnomma hamulatum; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Hunan; county: Jiangyong; Identification: identifiedBy: Yejie Lin; dateIdentified: 2024; Event: year: 1991; month: 10; day: 13; Record Level: institutionCode: HNU Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Qingtian We; individualCount: 5; sex: 1 male, 4 females; lifeStage: adult; previousIdentifications: Corinnomma sp.; occurrenceID: AA1EEE86-99BD-5BFF-A60D-DACAB9B0BD46; Taxon: scientificName: Corinnomma hamulatum; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Chongqing; county: Beibei; municipality: Jinyun Mountain; Identification: identifiedBy: Yejie Lin; dateIdentified: 2024; Event: year: 2021; month: 9; day: 23; Record Level: institutionCode: CYJL Description Male (allotype). Total length 6.99 (7.05 with clypeus); carapace 3.42 long, 2.07 wide, opisthosoma 3.57 long, 2.14 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.18, ALE 0.11, PME 0.12, PLE 0.13; AME – AME 0.17, AME – ALE 0.05, PME – PME 0.26, PME – PLE 0.14, AME – PME 0.19, ALE – PLE 0.10. MOA 0.44 long, front width 0.45, back width 0.47. Clypeus height 0.15. Chelicerae with three promarginal (middle largest, distal smallest) and two retromarginal teeth (same size). Leg measurements: I 8.39 (2.26, 0.83, 2.07, 1.97, 1.26), II 7.67 (2.10, 0.78, 1.86, 1.77, 1.16), III 7.10 (1.94, 0.66, 1.76, 1.77, 0.97), IV 9.93 (2.68, 0.89, 2.24, 2.96, 1.16). Spination: femur I do 3 pl 1, II do 3, III do 3 pl 2 rl 2, IV do 3 pl 2 rl 2; patella III do 1; tibia I do 1 plv 3 rlv 3, II do 1 plv 3 rlv 2, III plv 2 rlv 2 pl 1 rl 1, IV plv 2 rlv 2 pl 1 rl 1; metatarsi I – II plv 2 rlv 2, III plv 3 rlv 3 pl 2 rl 2, IV plv 3 rlv 3 pl 3 rl 3. Colouration (Fig. 4 A and B). Carapace medially reddish-brown, with dark-brown margins and covered with dense short white hairs. Eye region black. Fovea longitudinal, black. Radial furrow indistinct. Chelicerae reddish-brown. Endites reddish-brown. Labium broader than long, reddish-brown. Sternum reddish-brown, with truncated anterior margin and pointed posterior end. Coxae of legs I – II yellowish-brown, that of legs III – IV dark-brown, femora dark-brown, remaining segments reddish-brown, all covered with dense short white hairs. Opisthosoma grey-brown, pear-shaped, scutum strongly sclerotised, dorsal scutum covering almost 9 / 10 of opisthosoma, with yellow and white short hairs, ventral scutum covering almost 1 / 2 of opisthosoma, with white short hairs in the anterior region. Spinnerets reddish-brown. Palp (Figs 1, 2). Femur with two spines dorsally, five times longer than wide. Patella slightly curved, 1.5 times longer than wide, with three spines dorsally. Tibia two times longer than wide, with a spine prolaterally, at one third of tibia. Cymbium almost three times longer than wide, with distinct subulate retrobasal paracymbial spine, without ridge. Subtegulum covered by tegulum, not obvious. Tegulum pear-shaped. Sperm duct with three curves, a constriction present near the embolus. Embolus S-shaped, helically twisted, with two bends in ventral view, almost 1 / 4 of the bulb. Female (holotype). Total length 8.26 (8.28 with clypeus); carapace 3.81 long, 2.46 wide, opisthosoma 4.45 long, 3.33 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.19, ALE 0.12, PME 0.12, PLE 0.12; AME – AME 0.21, AME – ALE 0.03, PME – PME 0.33, PME – PLE 0.18, AME – PME 0.19, ALE – PLE 0.12. MOA 0.43 long, front width 0.52, back width 0.58. Clypeus height 0.17. Chelicerae with three promarginal (middle largest, distal smallest) and two retromarginal teeth (same size). Leg measurements: I 8.97 (2.42, 0.91, 2.28, 2.07, 1.29), II 8.61 (2.42, 0.90, 2.06, 1.94, 1.29), III 7.68 (2.10, 0.85, 1.76, 1.87, 1.10), IV 11.15 (3.06, 1.02, 2.55, 3.17, 1.35). Spination: femur I do 4, II do 3 pl 1, III do 3 pl 1 rl 1, IV do 1 pl 1 rl 1; patella I do 1, III do 2; tibia I do 1 plv 2 rlv 2, II plv 2 rlv 3, III do 1 pl 2 rl 2, IV do 1 plv 3 rlv 3 pl 2 rl 2; metatarsi I – II plv 2 rlv 2, III plv 3 rlv 3 pl 2 rl 3, IV do 1 plv 3 rlv 3 pl 3 rl 3. Colouration (Fig. 4 C and D). As in male. Epigyne (Fig. 3 A and B). Epigynal plate rectangular. Copulatory openings at middle of epigynal plate, with 6 - shaped rims. Copulatory ducts C-shaped, attached to spermathecae I. Spermathecae I curved, contiguous. Spermathecae II sac-like, with straight, wrinkled and contiguous proximal and diverging globular distal parts. Fertilisation duct semi-circular, lying on Spermathecae II. Diagnosis Corinnomma hamulatum stat. rest. resembles C. severum and C. spirale Zhang, Jin & Zhang, 2022 in having transverse stripes on the abdomen; male embolic tip curved and the length ratio of the basal coils to the distal coils is approximately 1: 3; female with curved copulatory ducts. However, the male can be distinguished by the retrobasal paracymbial spine conical, ridge absent (Fig. 2 A and B) [vs. tongue-shaped, ridge present in C. severum (see Zhang et al. (2022): figs. 9 A and B)], the length ratio of the embolus to the bulb is approximately 1: 0.2 ventrally (Fig. 1 B) [vs. 1: 0.1 in C. severum [see Zhang et al. (2022): fig. 4 B)], the distal fold almost 120 ° curved (Fig. 2 C) (vs. 90 ° curved in C. spirale [see Zhang et al. (2022): fig. 10 E)] and basal fold almost 90 ° curved ventrally (Fig. 2 C) [vs. 110 ° curved in C. severum (see Zhang et al. (2022): fig. 4 B)]. The females can be further distinguished by the length-to-width ratio of the copulatory opening being 1: 0.4 (Fig. 3 A) [vs. 1.0. 6 in C. severum (see Zhang et al. (2022): fig. 4 D)] and the C-shaped copulatory ducts (Fig. 3 B) (vs. S-shaped in C. spirale (see Zhang et al. (2022): fig. 8 D)]. Distribution China (Hubei, Hunan, Chongqing, Guizhou) (Fig. 5). Biology Hunting during the day, mimicking ants. (Fig. 6). Taxon discussion COI-based phylogenetic analysis revealed two primary clades: one comprising Corinnomma severum and the other encompassing three species (C. simpl