Absolute Need to Monitor Prothrombin Time while Administering Heparin: A Prospective Observational Study

Purpose: Anticoagulants are administered for various vascular conditions; there is always a risk of bleeding with this class of drug. It is essential to monitor the prothrombin time and International Normalisation Ratio (INR) values to prevent side effects.  Objective: Drug utilization evaluation of anticoagulants and to monitor outcomes of drug therapy.  Methodology: A prospective cohort study carried out on 140 patients with cardiac complications who were on anticoagulant therapy. We collected all necessary data from the patient's case sheets, lab reports, and treatment charts. Patients were continuously monitored for the effectiveness of treatment, and any adverse effects on anticoagulant usage were monitored.  Results: 68% of the study population were males with cardiac problems who were treated with anticoagulants. As the age increases, the occurrence of cardiovascular events also increases. Enoxaparin (Clexane) (72%), at doses of 4000 IU or 6000 IU, was the majorly prescribed drug. The majority of the patients were in the safe zone with no risk of clotting or bleeding. A significant number had a risk of developing clots, and very few had the risk of bleeding. Minor ADRs like bruising and swelling were identified.  Conclusion: Harmful drug-related reactions such as bruising, abdominal pain, swelling, and haematuria were observed after the anticoagulant therapy was initiated. Continuous monitoring has definitely reduced the incidence of adverse effects in connection with the administration of anticoagulant therapy.