An Overview of Ranavirus Infections and Its Impact

Abstract: Ranaviruses have been causing widespread infections in fish, reptiles, and amphibians, leading to mass deaths globally since the early 1990s. These viruses infect a variety of hosts, particularly amphibians, during their vulnerable life periods. Notable ranavirus species include Frog virus 3 and Chimeric ranaviruses, impacting various amphibian species with severe symptoms such as skin lesions, internal hemorrhaging, and mass die-offs. Indirect transmission through water and direct transmission from consuming infected individuals have been noted. Ranaviruses, with significant impacts on amphibian populations across continents, have raised concerns in the scientific community. The spread of ranaviruses is facilitated by global trade, posing risks to native species. Controlling ranavirus disease involves strict biosecurity measures and preventive strategies, especially in captive settings. Understanding the genetic evolution, host interactions, and transmission dynamics of ranaviruses is crucial to combat their detrimental effects on wildlife and ecosystems. International cooperation and research efforts are essential to develop effective management and conservation strategies for combating ranaviruses and preserving biodiversity.