Euura connecta ZMUO.

108 Euura connecta (Lindqvist, 1958) Figs 109, 350 Pteronidea connecta Lindqvist, 1958: 95–96. Pteronidea nitida Lindqvist, 1969: 245–246. Syn. nov. Pteronidea polita Lindqvist, 1974a: 119. Secondary homonym of Nematus politus Zaddach, 1883 [Euura polita (Zaddach, 1883)] Syn. nov. Nematus glaber Vikberg, 1982. Replacement name for Pteronidea polita Lindqvist, 1974. Diagnosis Morphologically not clearly distinguishable from E. leucopyga, except for colouration. Overall, E. connecta females are paler (e.g., mesepisternum extensively pale) than E. leucopyga (mesepisternum black). Males are also paler (metafemur and sterna completely pale) than E. leucopyga (metafemur often black at base, sterna at least partly black). The species are genetically also close, but at least based on the sampled specimens (n = 6), E. connecta nuclear haplotypes are quite distinct from E. leucopyga. Nevertheless, it cannot be excluded that E. connecta is a southern pale form of E. leucopyga. Another very similar species is E. leionota, which seems to have a somewhat different saw: generally with 19–23 serrulae (17–19 in E. connecta) and slightly convex ventral margin of lamnium (straight or slightly concave in E. connecta). Female Head extensively pale around eyes; labrum, clypeus and supraclypeal area pale; flagellum black or pale ventrally; thorax dorsally black to nearly completely pale, laterally extensively to nearly completely pale; pronotum and tegula pale; pterostigma pale; metafemur and metatibia pale; hind tarsus pale or brown; abdomen dorsally mostly black, ventrally completely or nearly completely pale; mesepisternum smooth; claws bifid; valvula 3 in dorsal view apically blunt or acute. Type material examined Holotype Pteronidea connecta SWITZERLAND – Valais • ♀; Zernez; 46.70° N, 10.10° E; 1400 m a.s.l.; 16–18 Jun. 1953; H. Lindberg leg.; MZH, http://id.luomus.fi/GL.9223. Notes 19 serrulae; 7.3 mm. Best morphological match, but smaller: DEI-GISHym83923 (17–18 serrulae; 6.2 mm). Holotype Pteronidea nitida FINLAND – Inari • ♀; Ivalo; 68.65° N, 27.55° E; V. Karvonen leg.; 4 Jul. 1965; MZH, http://id.luomus. fi/GL.9218. Notes 17 serrulae; 6.5 mm. Best morphological match: DEI-GISHym83923. Holotype Pteronidea polita FINLAND – Vihti • ♀; Siikajärvi; 60.29° N, 24.52° E; V. Karvonen leg.; 10 Jun. 1973; MZH, http://id.luomus.fi/GL.3513. Notes Best morphological match: DEI-GISHym4985. Hosts plants Salix pentandra and possibly other Salix spp. According to Macek et al. (2020) the host is Betula, but this may be due to misidentification of the very similar E. leionota, which feeds on Betula. We note that, based on sequencing of one larva, E. leionota is present in Slovakia. Genetics COI Based on 8 specimens, maximum within-species distance is 0.15% and the nearest neighbours, diverging by a minimum of 0.15%, are Euura leucopyga, E. parviserrata, and E. sordidiapex. Nuclear Based on 6 specimens, maximum within-species distance is 0.31% (0.27% based on haplotypes of individual females). The nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0.25%, is Euura leucopyga. Distribution and material examined Palaearctic. Specimens studied are from Estonia, Finland, Germany, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.